For the first phase of their research, the 11 NISSOS partners of this project have identified 144 manufacturing firms from their respective island regions that are successful – meaning: export oriented, locally owned, employ less than 50 employees, and have some form of adapted technology. (Of course, this data can change: new firms are set up, others are folded up, others merge, take over or are acquired by other firms.)

Island Territory	Population	Land Area (Sq. Km.)	No. of Islands (populated)	Jurisdiction	No. of Successful Firms	Successful Firms per 10,000 population	Their mean workforce (as at 2003)
Aland	26,000	1,430	21	autonomy	25	9.6	15.9
Iceland	290,000	103,000	4	sovereign	42	1.5	26
Malta	400,000	316	3	sovereign	33	0.8	22.5
Saaremaa	36,000	2,900	7	county	19	5.3	23.3
Scottish Isles	100,000	10,110	87	spread over 6 local authorities	25	2.5	10.5

The ‘density’ of such successful firms varies between the territories, from a high of almost 10 firms per 10,000 resident population in the case of the Ålands, to less than 1 firm per 10,000 residents in the case of Malta . The lower the population, the higher the density of successful manufacturing firms. Iceland suggests the highest mean employment levels among such SMEs, with an average workforce of 26 employees (inclusive of subcontracted personnel). This could be indicative of more vigorous growth and expansion beyond the initial start-up staff complement. The Scottish Isles have the smallest mean employment level of just 10.5 employees per firm, suggesting low consolidation. The Saaremaa case is of firms having been established exclusively since 1990, many via conversions and privatisation; mean employment levels in such firms may have gone down in the last decade, even with business expansion , as a result of rationalisation and a quickening of technological input.

The data of these successful small firms from the five island territories can be displayed in terms of the economic manufacturing sub-sector to which their products belong:

Island Territory	Natural	Natural	Chemical	IT / Hi-Tech
	Craft	Agro	Plastic	Engineering
Alands	wood panels	processed meat	sausage skins	purifier units
N = 25	furniture	fish processing	air cleaning systems	IT / software
	sheet-metal (9)	sour apples (7)	plastic printing (5)	welding
				electrical systems (4)
Iceland		cod/shark liver oil	sulphur resistant pipes	Artificial Intelligence Games
N = 42		cattle food	plastic tubs	Virus Software
		Candy	fishing nets	electrical equipment
		poultry processing	fibreglass boats	fish industry equipment
		fish processing (20)	fish scales (9)	digital EEGs (13)
Malta	decorative glass	olive oil	plastic pipes / cables	IT packages
N = 33	gold/silver filigree	wine / sausages	paints / detergents	software support
	furniture (6)	sun-dried tomatoes	labels / packaging	solar panels (6)
		liqueurs (6)	injection moulding (15)
Saaremaa	wooden boats	fish processing	rubber products (2)	aluminum boats (2)
N = 19	wooden houses	berry processing
	lime / agar	meat processing
	limestone craft (8)	fur products (7)
Scottish Isles	stone	Preserves	toiletries / soaps (2)	electrical instruments
N = 25	woolen knitwear / fabrics	Beer		flexible circuits
	jewellry	Whisky		observation devices
	pottery / drums	smoked salmon (7)		transformers (4)
	furniture (12)

The above data permits some interesting observations:

There are no craft based products available from small successful firms in Iceland, possibly because the country has very high labour costs and cannot compete on such products with cheaper manufactures from other locations. However, the story is markedly different in relation to the fishery industry, which is the focus of a large diversity of successful manufactures (including food derivatives) in Iceland.

Saaremaa has very few manufactures involving local technical and technological skills, other than in rubber products and aluminum boats. In contrast to Iceland, Estonia remains primarily a low wage location with manufactures that compete mainly on a cost basis.

Malta’s successful firms are to be found mainly in the plastics/chemical sub-sector. The food/agro sector appears to be largely under-developed as a niche export market in Malta, in spite of the international acclaim granted to Mediterranean cuisine.

Manufactures from the various islands of Scotland are concentrated amongst natural products and derivatives. Some of these products, like knitted woolens, smoked salmon and whisky, are very well known in export markets. Even here, there are just a few, cutting-edge, technology firms.

The Åland Islands have the most diversified portfolio of manufactures. Being Swedish speaking yet part of Finland enables Åland-based firms to exploit dynamic markets in both mainland Finland and Sweden. This, in spite of a very small population of just 25,000.